Introduction. 1. Internal economies of scale can be because of technical improvements, managerial efficiency, financial ability, monopsony power, or access to large networks. There are four main streams of research on the economic efficiency of means of transport. After which, the net reduction in fuel cost due to this shortest path may be taken as an economic indicator of level of economic efficiency achieved… (2010), who also evaluate the efficiency … Eco-efficiency was debated by the British Crop Protection Council (BCPC) Forum (2004) and by Atkinson & Wilkins (2004), but there is no single accepted definition of eco-efficiency.These two papers indicated that eco-efficiency is related to both ‘ecology’ and ‘economy’ and is concerned … Productive efficiency is not really achieved through tariff design, but through efficient remuneration of each … Efficiency, in economics and organizational analysis, a measure of the input a system requires to achieve a specified output.A system that uses few resources to achieve its goals is efficient, in contrast to one that wastes much of its input. Microeconomics analyzes basic elements in the economy… While wholly unrealistic, they do give very stark examples of what direction key economic … This paper reviews the current knowledge in the economics literature on the causal relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth, whether this relationship is uni-directional or bi-directional, and to what extent synergies appear to exist between fiscal decentralization, on the one hand, and economic growth, on the other. External economies are ones where companies can influence economic priorities, often leading to preferential treatment by governments. An extensive literature review on economic efficiency in seaports, analysed through the DEA, is accounted for by Al-Eraqi et al. In microeconomics, economic efficiency is, roughly speaking, a situation in which nothing can be improved without something else being hurt. Economic efficiency. D) maximizing equity. Extreme cases are situations such as "What if we had a 100% income tax rate? Income Taxes and Extreme Cases . (a) What is eco-efficiency? Depending on the context, it is usually one of the following two related concepts: Allocative or Pareto efficiency: any changes made to assist one person would harm another. B) regulation of the invisible hand. The present paper is the result of the approach and research from a common perspective of two issues regarding economic development, with different time lengths: economic sustainability – one of the newest and most modern theories related to the meaning and context of economic development and economic efficiency … ", or "What if we raised the minimum wage to $50.00 an hour?". Economics (/ ɛ k ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ k s, iː k ə-/) is the social science that studies how people interact with value; in particular, the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Four energy and economy-wide models under carbon mitigation scenarios are compared. Two types of economic efficiency are of interest here: Productive: involving the production of the good or service at the lowest possible cost, for a predefined level of quality. Significant CO 2 reductions may be achieved through high carbon price and abatement targets.. … Production efficiency is an economic term describing a level in which an economy or entity can no longer produce additional amounts of a good without lowering the production level of another product. C) individuals seeking out opportunities that involve no risk. • Baseline results show that CO 2 emissions in Colombia will increase until 2050, with no stabilization achieved during this period.. Efficiency is a favourite objective of economists and administrators, but not … The most researched transport sector is the seaports. 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